The eightfold Path: a detailed Analysis

31/05/2010 15:49

"And what, monks, is right view? Knowledge with regard to suffering, knowledge with regard to the origination of suffering, knowledge with regard to the stopping of suffering, knowledge with regard to the way leading to the stopping of suffering: This, monks, is called right view.

"And what is right intention? Intention of renunciation, intention of freedom from ill will, intention of harmlessness: This is called right intention.

"And what is right speech? Abstaining from lying, abstaining from divisive speech, abstaining from harsh speech, abstaining from idle chatter: This, monks, is called right speech.

"And what, monks, is right action? Abstaining from the destruction of life, abstaining from stealing, abstaining from unchastity: This, monks, is called right action.

"And what, monks, is right livelihood? There is the case where a disciple of the noble ones, having abandoned dishonest livelihood, earns a living with right livelihood: This, monks, is called right livelihood.

"And what, monks, is right effort? (i) There is the case where a monk generates desire, endeavors, activates persistence, upholds & exerts his intent for the sake of the non-arising of evil, unskillful states that have not yet arisen. (ii) He generates desire, endeavors, activates persistence, upholds & exerts his intent for the sake of the abandonment of evil, unskillful states that have arisen. (iii) He generates desire, endeavors, activates persistence, upholds & exerts his intent for the sake of the arising of skillful states that have not yet arisen. (iv) He generates desire, endeavors, activates persistence, upholds & exerts his intent for the maintenance, non-confusion, increase, plenitude, development, & culmination of skillful states that have arisen: This, monks, is called right effort.

"And what, monks, is right mindfulness? (i) There is the case where a monk remains focused on the body in & of itself — ardent, clearly comprehending & mindful — putting away greed & dejection with reference to the world. (ii) He remains focused on feelings in & of themselves — ardent, clearly comprehending & mindful — putting away greed & dejection with reference to the world. (iii) He remains focused on the mind in & of itself — ardent, clearly comprehending, & mindful — putting away greed & dejection with reference to the world. (iv) He remains focused on phenomena in & of themselves — ardent, clearly comprehending & mindful — putting away greed & dejection with reference to the world. This, monks, is called right mindfulness.

"And what, monks, is right concentration? (i) There is the case where a monk — quite withdrawn from sensuality, withdrawn from unskillful (mental) states — enters & remains in the first jhana: rapture & pleasure born from withdrawal, accompanied by directed thought & examination. (ii) With the stilling of directed thoughts & examinations, he enters & remains in the second jhana: rapture & pleasure born of concentration, unification of awareness free from directed thought & examination— internal assurance. (iii) With the fading of rapture, he remains equanimous, mindful, & clearly comprehending, and senses pleasure with the body. He enters & remains in the third jhana, of which the Noble Ones declare, 'Equanimous & mindful, he has a pleasant abiding.' (iv) With the abandoning of pleasure & pain — as with the earlier disappearance of elation & dejaction — he enters & remains in the fourth jhana: purity of equanimity & mindfulness, neither pleasure nor pain. This, monks, is called right concentration."

 

 

 

 

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Katamā ca bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṃ kho bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.

Katamo ca bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo: yo kho bhikkhave, nekkhammasaṅkappo avyāpādasaṃkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.

Katamā ca bhikkhave, sammāvācā: yā kho bhikkhave, musāvādā veramaṇī pisunāya vācāya veramaṇī pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī samphappalāpā veramaṇī ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāvācā.

Katamo ca bhikkhave, sammākammanto: yā kho bhikkhave, pāṇātipātā veramaṇī adinnādānā veramaṇī abrahmacariyā veramaṇī, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammākammanto.

Katamo ca bhikkhave, sammāājīvo: idha bhikkhave, ariyasāvako micchāājīvaṃ pahāya sammāājīvena jīvikaṃ kappeti, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāājīvo.

Katamo ca bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo: idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati viriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati, ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.

Katamā ca bhikkhave, sammāsati: idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāsati.


Katamo ca bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi: idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Pītiyā ca virāgā upekhako ca viharati, sato ca sampajāno sukhañca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti. Yantaṃ ariyā ācikkhanti upekhako satimā sukhavihārīti taṃ tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthagamā adukkhaṃ asukhaṃ upekhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati bhikkhave, sammāsamādhīti.

SN 45.8 Magga-vibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Path

 

Sammādiṭṭhi (nom. sg.) = right view

Dukkhe (loc. sg.) = of suffering

ñāṇaṃ (nom. sg.) = knowledge

amudaye (loc. sg.) = of the origin

nirodhe (loc. sg.) =of the cessation

gāminiyā = leading

paṭipadāya (loc. sg.) = the way

sammāsaṅkappo (nom. sg.) = right intetion

nekkhamma = renunciation

avyāpāda = absence of ill will

avihiṃsa = non violence

sammāvācā: (nom. sg.)= right speech

musāvādā (gen. sg.)= l

veramaṇī (nom. sg.)

pisunāya vācāya (gen. sg.)= divisive speech

pharusāya vācāya (gen. sg.)= abusive speech

samphappalāpā (gen. sg.)= idle chatter

sammākammanto (nom. sg.)= right action

pāṇātipātā (gen. sg.) = taking life

adinnādānā (gen. sg.) = stealing

abrahmacariyā (gen sg.)

sammāājīvo =right livelihood

ariya-sāvako (nom. sg.) = a disciple of the noble ones

micchā-ājīvaṃ (acc. sg.) = dishonest livelihood

pahāya = having abondoned

sammā-ājīvena (inst. sg.) = with right livelidhood

jīvikaṃ (acc. sg.) kappeti = keeps his life going

sammāvāyāmo: = right effort

anuppannānaṃ = non arising

Pāpakānaṃ = evil

akusalānaṃ = unskillful

dhammānaṃ = qualities

anuppādāya (dat. sg.) = for the sake

chandaṃ (acc. sg.) =desire

janeti = generates

vāyamati = endeavours

viriyaṃ (acc. sg.)= effort, energy, persistence

ārabhati = activiates

cittaṃ = the mind

paggaṇhāti = he upholds

padahati = he activates

pahānāya (dat. sg.) = for the abondenment

ṭhitiyā (dat. sg.) = for the maintenance

asammosāya (dat.sg.) = for non-confusion

bhiyyobhāvāya (dat. sg.) = for increase

vepullāya (dat. sg.) = for plenitude

bhāvanāya (dat. sg.) = for development

pāripūriyā (dat. sg.) = for culmination

sammāsati: (nom. sg.) = right mindfulness

kāye (loc. sg.) = in the body

kāyānupassī = watching the body

viharati = he remains

ātāpī =ardent

sampajāno = vigilant

satimā = minful

vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ,

vedanāsu (loc. pl.) = in feeling

vedanānupassī = watching feelings

citte (loc. sg.) = in mind

dhammesu (loc. pl.) = in the mental qualities

vivicceva

kāmehi (gen. pl.) = from sensual pleasures

vivicca = secluded

akusalehi = unskillful

dhammehi =(gen. pl.) = of mental qualities

savitakkaṃ = acommpanied by thought

savicāraṃ = accompanied by examination

vivekajaṃ = born from solitude

pītisukhaṃ = rapture and happiness

paṭhamaṃ = first

jhānaṃ = jhâna

upasampajja

viharati = he remains.

Vitakkavicārānaṃ = of thought and examination

vūpasamā

ajjhattaṃ

sampasādanaṃ

cetaso

ekodibhāvaṃ

avitakkaṃ = withoug thought

avicāraṃ= without examination

samādhijaṃ = born from mental absorbtion

dutiyaṃ = second

Pītiyā (gen. sg.) = of rapture

virāgā (inst. sg.)

upekhako = equanimous

sato = mindful

sampajāno = alert

kāyena (inst. sg.) = with the body

paṭisaṃvedeti. = he sens

Yantaṃ = entering

ariyā (nom. pl.) = the Nobles ones

ācikkhanti =declare

sukhavihārati = he remains in happiness

tatiyaṃ = third

pahānā (inst. sg.) = with the abondonning

pubbeva = as with earlier

somanassa-domanassānaṃ (gen. Pll) = of elation and distress

atthagamā (inst. sg.) = disappearance

adukkhaṃ asukhaṃ = neither pain nor pleasure

upekhā-sati-pārisuddhiṃ (acc. sg.)= purity of equanimity and mindfulness

catutthaṃ = fourth